Oleh: Muh. Nurhidayat

Penulis adalah Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi FISIP Universitas Ichsan

PADAtahun 2011 kemarin, umat Syi’ah melakukan pemberontakan berdarah di Bahrain, Arab Saudi, dan Yaman yang sebagian besar penduduknya Muslim. Malah di Yaman, para milisi Syi’ah menyerang Ponpes Syekh Muqbil Al Wadiy, yang mengakibatkan beberapa orang santri tewas dan cedera, termasuk santri asal Indonesia.

Di Suriah, selama beberapa dekade—hingga tulisan ini dibuat—pemerintah yang didominasi salah satu sekte Syi’ah (An Nusairiyah) banyak melakukan pelanggaran HAM terhadap warga Muslim. Demikian pula di Iran, sejak Revolusi Syi’ah 1979 oleh Khomeini, pemerintah negara beribukota Teheran sangat represif terhadap kaum Sunni.

Seringkali masyarakat awam tak bisa membedakan antara Sunni dan Syiah. Bahkan sebagian besar menganggap sama. Sekilas, identitas dan ritualitas umat kedua agama tidak ada perbedaan. Namun setelah dicermati dengan benar, antara Islam dan Syi’ah terdapat perbedaan yang kontras dari tingkat keyakinan hingga tingkat aplikasi syariat.

Jika ditinjau dari kajian komunikasi dakwah, salah satu akar konflik Islam-Syi’ah adalah sikapnya dalam hal melecehkan pribadi Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم), maupun penistaan atas para istri, keluarga, dan sahabat beliau.

Perusakan kehormatan tersebut banyak ditulis pada kitab-kitab karangan pemuka umat Syiah. Banyak kalangan menyebut mereka sebagai ulama Syiah.  

Padahal, berdasarkan kitab-kitab imajinatif yang sarat pelecehan atas Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم), para pemuka Syi’ah telah menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak takut kepada Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala dan rasul-Nya. 

Di bawah ini adalah kitab-kitab yang menjadi rujukan penting kaum Syiah. Beberapa di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Al Anwar an Nu’maniyah

Ni’matullah Al Jazairi adalah tokoh Syi’ah yang paling jahat dalam melecehkan sahabat Umar  bin Khattab RA. Di dalam ‘Al Anwar an Nu’maniyah’, tokoh tersebut memfitnah bahwa Umar akan menerima siksaan lebih berat daripada Iblis karena merebut jabatan khalifah dari tangan Ali bin Abu Thalib RA, juga menulis berita bohong kalau ayah mertua Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) itu pernah (maaf) terserang penyakit ‘kotor’.

2.      Al Bayan

Jika pendeta Syi’ah yang lain menyerang kehormatan Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) melalui keluarga dan sahabat, Abul Qasim Al Kuu’iy justru melecehkan pribadi Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) sendiri. Dalam kitab ‘Al Bayan’, pemuka umat Syiah itu menuduh Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) telah menghapus redaksi firman Allah Subhanahu wa-ta’ala (سبحانه و تعالى‎) tentang keutamaan Ali bin Abu Thalib dalam Surah Al Maa’idah ayat 67.

3.      Al Ihtijaj

Seorang pendeta Syi’ah bernama Ahmad bin Manshur Ath Thibrisi, dalam kitabnya ‘Al Ihtijaj’ menuduh para sahabat Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم)  telah menghapus ayat-ayat Al Qur’an yang berisi celaan Allah Subhanahu wa-ta’ala (سبحانه و تعالى‎) atas mereka, agar wibawa sahabat tidak jatuh di mata umat Islam.

4.      Ajma’ul Fadha’ih

Di dalam ‘Ajma’ul Fadha’ih’, Al Mulla Kazhim, salah satu tokoh pengikut Syiah menjanjikan bahwa barangsiapa yang sekali saja melaknat kedua sahabat nabi (Abu Bakar RA dan Umar RA) maka Allah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم)  akan memberinya 70 juta kebaikan, menghapuskan 1 juta kejelekan, dan mengangkatnya 70 juta derajat.

5.      Ar Raudhah minal Kafi

Seorang tokoh agama Syi’ah, Abu Ja’far Al Kulaini di dalam kitab ‘Ar Raudhah minal Kafi’ memfitnah semua sahabat Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم)  telah murtad, kecuali 3 orang di antara mereka, yaitu Al Miqdad bin Al Aswad RA, Abu Dzar Al Ghifary RA, dan Salman Al Farisy RA.

6.      As Sujud ‘Alaa at Turbah al Huseiniyah

Dalam ‘As Sujud ‘Alaa at Turbah al Huseiniyah’, Asy Syihristani membuat informasi bohong, bahwa Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) pernah mengatakan kalau Allah SWT hanya menerima shalat orang yang bersujud di atas tanah Karbala, Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم)  pernah memerintahkan para wanita Muslimah untuk meratapi jenasah Hamzah bin Abdul Muthalib RA yang gugur dalam Perang Uhud, bahkan Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) pernah menyebutkan keutamaan sujud di atas kuburan Husein bin Ali RA.

7.      Ash Shirat al Mustaqim ila Mustahiq at Taqdim

Dalam kitab ‘Ash Shirat al Mustaqim ila Mustahiq at Taqdim’, pendeta Syi’ah bernama Zainuddin Al Bayadhi telah melakukan pelecehan secara khusus terhadap sahabat Utsman bin Affan RA, dengan memfitnah bahwa menantu Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) tersebut sebagai orang (maaf) banci, serta pernah (maaf) meniduri seorang tahanan wanita yang akan dihukum rajam.

8.      Awa’ilul Maqalaat

Muhammad An Nu’man, salah satu pemuka umat Syiah, menuduh bahwa para sahabat Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) yang menjadi oposan pemerintahan Ali bin Abu Thalib, adalah sebagai orang yang (maaf) murtad, sesat, terlaknat, dan kekal di dalam neraka jahanam.

9.      Bihar al Anwar

Kitab ‘Bihar al Anwar’ karangan Muhammad bin Bagir Al Majlisi, memfitnah ‘Aisyah RA, istri Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) sebagai seorang perempuan yang (maaf) lemah iman dan lemah akal.

10.     Fashlul Khitab

Dalam ‘Fashlul Khitab’, pemuka umat Syiah bernama Husain Muhammad Ath Thibrisi menulis bahwa kitab suci Al Qur’an yang berada di tangan umat Islam telah mengalami perubahan (modifikasi) dan penyimpangan (distorsi).

11.     Hadits al Ifk

Pendeta Syi’ah bernama Abu Ja’far Al Kulaini adalah ‘tukang’ tulis banyak kitab pelecehan Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم). Kitab ‘Hadits al Ifk’ merupakan salah satu karangannya yang menghina kedua istri Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم), yaitu ‘Aisyah RA dan Hafshah RA, sebagai (maaf) perempuan kafir seperti istri Nabi Nuh AS dan istri Nabi Luth AS.

12.     Haqqul Yaqin

Muhammad Bagir Al Majlisi, seorang tokoh Syiah, dalam ‘Haqqul Yaqin’ menyatakan bahwa tidak sempurna iman seseorang sebelum ia membenci para sahabat nabi, terutama Abu Bakar, Umar, Utsman, Mu’awiyah, ‘Aisyah, Hafsah, Hindun, dan Ummul Hakam, serta orang-orang yang mengikuti mereka.

13.     Miftahul Jinan

Kitab ‘Miftahul Jinan’ adalah buku panduan wirid umat Syi’ah yang berisi kalimat-kalimat laknat atas 2 ayah mertua Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) (Abu Bakar RA dan UMar RA), serta kalimat-kalimat laknat atas 2 istri Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم)  (‘Aisyah RA dan Hafshah RA).

14.     Mira’ah al Anwar wa Misykah al Asrar

Kitab ‘Mira’ah al Anwar wa Misykah al Asrar’ karangan Abu Hasan Al Aamili pun juga menuduh para sahabat baginda nabi telah melakukan penghapusan sejumlah ayat dalam Al-Qur’an.

15.     Syarh Nahjih Balaghah

Ibnu Abil Hadid, salah satu tokoh Syi’ah, dalam kitab ‘Syarh Nahjih Balaghah’, merendahkan derajat para sahabat Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) sebagai orang-orang yang tidak memiliki keutamaan. Bahkan dengan sangat berani ia menuduh dosa para sahabat lebih besar daripada dosa orang-orang dari kalangan non-sahabat.

16.     Tafsir al ‘Ayasyi

Muhammad Al ‘Ayasyi, salah satu tokoh Syiah tidak tanggung-tanggung dalam memfitnah kedua istri Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم), ‘Aisyah RA dan Hafshah RA. Al ‘Ayasyi menulis berita dusta bahwa Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) meninggal dunia karena (maaf) telah diracun oleh ‘Aisyah dan Hafshah.

17.     Tafsir al Quumi

Ali bin Ibrahim al Quumi dalam kitabnya berjudul ‘Tafsir Al Quumi’, mengatakan bahwa di akhirat kelak 2 sahabat utama sekaligus ayah mertua Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم), yaitu Abu Bakar RA dan Umar RA (maaf) meronta-ronta kesakitan akibat siksaan neraka jahanam, serta menuduh janda Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) bernama ‘Aisyah RA (maaf) berselingkuh dengan seorang  sahabat bernama Thalhah RA dalam perjalanan ke Basrah menjelang terjadinya Perang Jamal.

18.     Tafsir ash Shafi

Menurut pemuka umat Syiah bernama Al Faidl al Kasyani dalam kitab ‘Tafsir ash Shafi’, Abu Bakar dan Umar (maaf) telah murtad setelah kematian nabi yang juga menantu mereka, Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم).

19.     Tahdzibul Ahkam

Dalam ‘Tahdzibul Ahkam’, seorang tokoh Syi’ah bernama Ja’far Ash Shadiq menyatakan, bahwa para wanita dari kalangan ahlul bait (keluarga Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم)) setara derajatnya dengan wanita Majusi dan (maaf) wanita pelacur.

20.     Ushul al Kaafi

Di mata umat Islam, Abu Ja’far al Kulaini dikenal sebagai The Character Assassination Maker, mengingat begitu banyaknya kitab karangan tokoh Syi’ah tersebut yang menista Rasulullah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم). Salah satunya adalah ‘Ushul al Kaafi’, yang mengatakan bahwa para sahabat Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم)  telah banyak menghapus isi Al Qur’an, sehingga kitab suci terakhir tersebut tidak utuh lagi, 2/3 bagian hilang dan tersisa 1/3 bagian saja.

Sikap Pemerintah RI

Berdasarkan rujukan kitab-kitab di atas (juga kitab-kitab lainnya) yang sarat pelecehan atas kehormatan Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم), maka umat Syi’ah tidak akan pernah hidup berdampingan secara harmonis dengan umat Islam. Faktornya, umat Islam tidak akan pernah rela jika Nabi Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) beserta istri, ayah mertua, keluarga, serta para sahabat beliau dinista harga dirinya.

Oleh karena itu, pemerintah RI perlu bersikap tegas terhadap pemeluk agama Syi’ah yang banyak meresahkan masyarakat dengan selalu menghina pribadi, keluarga, dan para sahabat Muhammad Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم), nabi dan rasulnya umat Islam, penduduk mayoritas negara ini. Sebab di mata hukum positif warisan kolonial Belanda yang dianut Indonesia saja, tindakan tercela itu sudah digolongkan dalam ‘religius blemish’ (menodai agama).

Pemerintah patut memperhatikan betapa banyaknya firman Allah Shalallaahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam (صلى الله عليه و سلم) dalam Al Qur’an yang mengancam orang-orang yang merusak kehormatan nabi dan rasul-Nya, yang salah satunya adalah, “Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang menyakiti Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Allah akan melaknatinya di dunia dan di akhirat, dan menyediakan baginya siksa yang menghinakan.” (QS. Al Ahzab : 57)

Ketegasan sikap pemerintah dapat diwujudkan dalam bentuk SK pelarangan ajaran Syi’ah oleh lembaga negara yang berwenang, seperti Kejaksaan Agung RI. Pemerintah  Indonesia patut kiranya mengikuti langkah pemerintah Arab Saudi, Yaman, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, dan negara-negara lainnya dalam pelarangan Syi’ah demi terpeliharanya keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat. 

Wallahu’alam.*

Keterangan: Al Ushul Al Kafi, salah satu kitab hadits rujukan utama Syiah

Celebrating the Prophet’s Birthday, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam: Al-Albaani’s Step by Step Explanation Showing Why it is an Innovation
by Ahmed Abu Turaab

Shaikh Al-Albani
Celebrating the noble birthday of the Prophet, is it good or evil?

Questioner
[It is] good.

Shaikh Al-Albani
Okay. This good - were the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, and his Companions ignorant of it?

Questioner
No.

Shaikh Al-Albani
I am not satisfied now with you saying no. Rather it is obligatory upon you to proceed and say: It is impossible for this good - if it is good - or other than it to be hidden from the Prophet, sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam, and his Companions specifically since we do not know Islaam except by way of Muhammad, sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam - so how do we know some good which he did not?! This is impossible.

Questioner
Establishing the celebration of the Prophetic birthday is a revival of his remembrance, sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam, and in that is honour for him.

Shaikh Al-Albani
This philosophising is something we are acquainted with. We hear it from many people and have read it in their books. But when the Prophet, sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam, called people did he call them to all of Islaam or to Tawhid?

Questioner
Tawhid.

Shaikh Al-Albani
The first thing he called them to was Tawhid. After that the prayers were made compulsory. After that fasting was made compulsory. After that Hajj was made compulsory and so on. Therefore, you [too] should proceed, step by step, according to this prescribed Sunnah. We have now agreed that it is impossible that there can be some good with us which the Prophet, sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam, did not know. [Since] we have come to know all good by way of the Prophet, sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam. No two people will differ about this and no two ram’s will strike horns over this. And I believe that whoever doubts this then he is not a Muslim. From the sayings of the Prophet, sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam, that support this are his, sallalaahu alaihi wa sallam, saying, “I have not left anything which will bring you closer to Allaah except that I have ordered you with it.” [Reported by at-Tabaraani, authentic, refer to Asl Sifatis-Salaatin-Nabee, vol. 3, p. 942]

So if celebrating his birthday was good and was something which would bring us closer to Allaah then it is befitting that the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, should have directed us to it.

Correct or not? I do not want you to agree with me without being totally convinced about every letter I say. And you have total freedom to say, ‘Please, I am not convinced with this point.’ So is there anything that you are not convinced with so far or are you with me?

Questioner
With you totally.

Shaikh Al-Albani
May Allaah reward you with good. So [the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, said], “I have not left anything which will bring you closer to Allaah except that I have ordered you with it.”

We say to all those who claim that it is permissible to hold this celebration - this celebration is good - according to you, therefore either the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, has directed us to it or he has not directed us to it. So if they say: he has directed us to it. We say: Bring your proof if you are truthful. And they will never ever find a way to be able to do that. And we have read the writings of Alawi and other than Alawi regarding this and they do not use as proof anything except the saying that this is a good innovation!! [bid’ah hasanah] This is a good innovation!!

All people, whether it is those who celebrate the birthday or those who denounce this celebration - all of them agree that this celebration was not present in the time of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, nor the time of the Noble Companions and nor the time of the eminent scholars. But those who allow this celebration say: And what is there that occurs in this celebration? It is remembrance of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, and the sending of salutations upon him and so on! So we say: If it was good they would have preceded us in it. You know the saying of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, “The best of people is my generation then the ones who follow them then the ones who follow them.” [Reported by Bukhaari, Muslim, Tirmidhee and Ibn Maajah].

And this hadith is reported in the two Sahih’s [Bukhari and Muslim]. And his generation, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, is the one he and his Companions lived in. Then the ones who followed them are the Taabi’een. Then the ones who followed them are the Atbaa’ut-Taabi’een (the followers of the Taabi’een). There is also no dispute in this. So can you imagine that there is any good which we could have preceded them in, in both knowledge and action? Is that possible?

Questioner
As for knowledge, if the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, had said to anyone in his time that the Earth spins …

Shaikh Al-Albani
I’m sorry. I would prefer you do not sidetrack. Since I asked you about two things: knowledge and action. And in reality, what you just said has benefited me - since naturally when referring to knowledge I am referring to religious [shar’ee] knowledge not medicine, for example. I can say that a doctor here is more knowledgeable than Ibn Sina in his time, because he came generations later, and he has had much much more experience and practice - but this does not prove his virtue before Allaah and nor does it put him before the generations that were given witness to [in the above mentioned hadith]. But it does prove his virtue in the knowledge [field] which he knows. And we are speaking about ordained [shar’ee] knowledge, may Allaah bless you. So it is obligatory that we pay attention to this. When I say to you: do you believe that it is possible that we can be more knowledgeable, I am referring to religious [shar’ee] knowledge not knowledge gained through experience like geography, astronomy, chemistry or physics. Suppose, for example, in this time there is a disbeliever in Allaah and His Messenger, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, but he is the most knowledgeable of all people in these sciences, will that bring him closer to Allaah?

Questioner
No

Shaikh Al-Albani
Thus we are not talking now about knowledge in those fields, rather we are talking about that knowledge by which we want to get closer to Allaah, the Blessed and Most High. And a short while ago we were talking about the celebration of the birthday of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam. So the question now returns, and I hope that I will obtain a clear answer without any sidetracking again. So I say: do you believe, with what you have been given of intellect and understanding, that it is possible for us - and we are at the end of time - that we can be more knowledgeable than the Companions and the students of the Companions [Taabi’een] and the Mujtahid Imaams in religious [shar’ee] knowledge, and that we can be faster in doing good actions and getting closer to Allaah than these righteous predecessors?

Questioner
By religious knowledge do you mean exegis [tafsir] of the Quraan?

Shaikh Al-Albani
They are more knowledgeable than us regarding tafsir of the Quran; they are more knowledgeable than us regarding explanations of the sayings of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam - at the end of the day they are more knowledgeable than us regarding the entire Shari’ah of Islaam.

Questioner
Regarding tafsir of the Quran, maybe in this time it is more than in the time of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam. For example, the Quranic aayah:

And you will see the mountains and think them solid, but they shall pass away as the passing away of the clouds. The Work of Allaah, Who perfected all things. Verily! He is Well-Acquainted with what you do.

If the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, had said to anyone in his time that the Earth spins on its axis would anyone have believed him? No one would have believed him.

Shaikh Al-Albani
So you want us - and I say this without blaming you - to record another sidetrack against you? O my brother, I am asking about knowledge on the whole, not a part of that knowledge, we are asking a general question.

Islaam as a whole, who is more knowledgeable about it?

Questioner
Of course, the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, and his Companions.

Shaikh Al-Albani
This is what we want from you, may Allaah bless you. As for the tafsir you are referring to, it has no connection to action. It has a connection with pondering and understanding. And we have already spoken with you about the previous aayah and we have established that for you that those who quote this aayah as a proof that the Earth spins are mistaken. Because the aayah is referring to the Day of Judgement:

On the Day when the earth will be changed to another earth and so will be the heavens, and they (all creatures) will appear before Allaah, the One, the Irresistible.

In any case, we are not talking about this subject. By way of argument, I will agree with you that there could be a man from those who came after who has more sceintific knowledge or more knowledge of the natural sciences than a Companion or a student of the Companion and so on. But this has no connection to righteous actions. Since today, for example, the disbelievers are more knowledgeable in astronomy and its like than us but what do they benefit from that? Nothing. So we do not want to delve into this thing now. We want to talk about that which will bring us closer to Allaah. We now want to talk about the noble birthday of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam.

And we had agreed that if it was good then our Pious Predecessors [As-Salaf As-Saalih] and at the head of them the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, would have been more knowledgeable about it than us and faster in acting upon it than us. Is there any doubt in this?

Questioner
No, there is no doubt in it.

Shaikh Al-Albani
Then do not exceed this boundary now [delving into] matters from experential knowledge that have no connection with getting closer to Allaah, the Most High, with righteous actions. This celebration was not present in the time of the Messenger, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam - by the agreement of all - so this ‘good’ was not present in the time of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, or the Companions or their students or the Imaams! So how was this good hidden from them?!

We are forced to say either one of two things.

1) They knew this good like we know it - and they are more knowledgeable than us - or they did not know it: then how do we know it?

So if we were to say, they knew it - and this saying is closer and better as regards the ones who uphold the legitimacy of celebrating the birthday - then why didn’t they act upon it? Are we closer to Allaah [than them]?

Why didn’t a single one from them make a mistake even once - a Companion, or a taabi’ee or a scholar from them or a worshipper - [why didn’t a single one make a mistake] and act upon this ‘good.’!?

Does it enter your mind that not a single one had acted upon this good - and they were millions in number?! And they were more knowledgeable than us and better than us and closer to Allaah?! You know the saying of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, “Do not abuse my Companions. For by the One who has Muhammd’s souls in His Hands, if one of you were to spend the like of Mount Uhud in gold, it would not equal a mudd of one of them or even half of it.” [Reported by Bukhaari and Muslim]

Do you see the level of difference between us and them?

Because they strove in the Way of Allaah, the Most High, with the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam. And they recieved knowledge from him fresh and new without all of these numerous intermediaries that are between us and him, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam. As he indicated, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, in the authentic hadith, “Whoever loves to read the Quran ‘ghadan tariyaa’ then let him read according to the reading of Ibn Umm Abd.” [Reported by Ibn Maajah, no. 138, authentic]

Namely, Ibn Mas’ood. ‘Ghadan tariyaa’ means fresh and new.

These Pious Predecessors and at the head of them the Companions, may Allaah be pleased with them, it is not possible for us to imagine that they were ignorant of some good which would bring them closer to Allaah and it is we [not them] who have come to know it! And if we say they knew like we know then it is impossible for us to imagine that they neglected this good.

Maybe this has clarified the point that I am talking about, inshaa Allaah?

Questioner
Alhamdulillaah

Shaikh Al-Albani
May Allaah reward you with good. There is something else. There are many verses and sayings of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, which clarify that Islaam has been completed. And I think this is a reality you are aware of and believe in. There is no difference between a scholar, a student of knowledge or even a commoner on this point - which is, that Islaam has been completed and that it is not like the religion of the Jews and the Christians which changes and is replaced daily.

And I remind you of the saying of Allaah, the Most High:

This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islaam as your religion.

Now comes the question - and this is from another angle, different to what preceded, to show that celebrating the birthday is not good - and that is that if it was good they would have preceded us in it and they - namely the Pious Predecessors - are more knowledgeable than us and worshipped more than us. This celebration of the Prophet’s birthday, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, if it is good then it is from Islaam. So we say: Do all of us, both from those who deny this celebration and from those who uphold it, are we all in agreement as we were on the previous point that this celebration was not present in the time of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam - are we all [still] in agreement [on this second point] that this celebration, if it is good, then it is from Islaam and that if it is not good it is not from Islaam?

And the day this aayah was revealed:

This day, I have perfected your religion for you …

[The day it was revealed] there was no celebration of the Prophetic birthday. So is it part of the religion according to you?!

I want you to be totally frank with me. And do not think that I am from the Shaikhs who silence the students or even the common folk, saying: Be quiet! You do not know, you do not know! No, you are totally free, as though you are talking to a person like yourself or even less than you in age and knowledge. If you are not convinced then say: I am not convinced.

So now, if the celebration is from good then it is from Islaam and if it is not good then it is not from Islaam. When we agree that the celebration of the birthday was not present when the aforementioned aayah was revealed, then it is very logical [to say] that it is not from Islaam.

And I will confirm what I am saying with more from the Imaam of the place of Hijra [Madinah] Imaam Maalik ibn Anas, who said, “Whoever introduces an innovation into Islaam - note how he said a single innovation not innovations - seeing it as something good then he has assumed that Muhammad, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, betrayed Prophethood.”

And this is a very dangerous affair - what is you proof O Imaam [Maalik]!

Imaam Maalik said, “Read, if you wish, the saying of Allaah, the Most High:

This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islaam as your religion.

So what was not religion that day is not religion today.” End of his words.

When did Imaam Maalik say this? In the second century after the hijrah - one of the generations that had been testified for as having good! So what about now in the fourteenth century?

This is speech that should be written in gold. But we are heedless of the Book of Allaah, the Most High, and the sayings of the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, and the sayings of the Imaams that we presume we are following, how very far, how very far. And the difference between us and them in following is like the difference between the East and the West.

This is the Imaam of the place to which the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, migrated [Madinah] he is saying in a clear Arabic tongue: “So what was not religion that day is not religion today.”

Today celebrating the birthday of the Prophetic birthday is religion, and if it were not then this dispute would not be taking place between scholars clinging to the Sunnah and defending [the religion] against innovations. How can this be religion when it was not present in the time of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, nor in the time of the Companions nor in the time of the Taabi’een nor in the time of the followers of the Taabi’een?!

Imaam Maalik is from the Atbaa’ut-Taabi’een and he is from amongst the ones mentioned in the hadith, “The best of generations is my generation then those who follow them then those who follow them.”

Imaam Maalik says: So what was not religion that day is not religion today. And the last of this nation will not be rectified except with that which the first of it was rectified.

What was the first of this Nation rectified with? By innovating matters into the religion and trying to get closer to Allaah, the Most High, with things that the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, did not do?!

The Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, said, “I have not left anything that will bring you closer to Allaah except that I have ordered you with it.”

Why didn’t Allaah’s Messenger, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, order us to celebrate his birthday? This is a question and it has an answer. There is a [different] celebration of the prophetic birthday contrary to this celebration which is not legislated. This legislated celebration was present in the time of Allaah’s Messenger, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, as opposed to the unlegislated one, along with the huge difference which also exists between the two.

The first of those differences is that the legislated celebration [which will soon be mentioned] is worship which is agreed upon by all of the Muslims. Secondly, the legislated celebration reoccurs once every single week whereas their unlegislated celebration only occurs once a year.

These are the two distinguishing matters between the two birthday celebrations - namely, that the first is worship and reoccurs every week as opposed to the unlegislated one which is neither worship and nor does it reoccur every week.

And I am not just saying anything on a whim for which Allaah has revealed no authority. Rather I will relay a saying of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, to you which is reported in Sahih Muslim, may Allaah have mercy upon him [Imaam Muslim]. From Abu Qatada Al-Ansari who said

A man came to the Messenger, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, and said, “O Messenger of Allaah! What do you say about the fast of Monday?” So he said, “That is the day on which I was born. And the Quran was revealed upon me in it.” [Reported by Abu Dawud (no., 2097), authentic, and others]

What is the meaning of this? It is as though he, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, is saying:

How can you ask me about it and Allaah brought me out to life on that day and sent down revelation to me on that day also? Namely, it is befitting that you fast on Mondays as thanks to Allaah, the Most High, for creating me on that day and for sending down revelation to me on it.

And this is similar to the fast of the Jews on the day of Aashoora. And perchance you know that before the obligation to fast the month of Ramadaan fasting on the day of Aashoora was the obligation on the Muslims. And there occurs in some sayings of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, that when he migrated to Madinah he found the Jews fasting the Day of Aashoora. So he asked them about that and they replied saying that this is the day that Allaah saved Moses and his people from Pharaoh, so we fast on it as thanks to Allaah. So he, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, said, “We have more right to Moses than you.” [Reported byBukhaari and Muslim]

So he fasted that day and ordered fasting on that day so it became obligatory until Allaah sent down His Saying:

The month of Ramadaan in which was revealed the Qur’aan, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong). So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month (of Ramadaan i.e. is present at his home), he must observe fasts.

Thereafter fasting on the Day of Aashoora became a Sunnah and the obligation was abrogated. The proof from this is that the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, participated with the Jews in fasting the Day of Aashoora as thanks to Allaah, the Most High, that He saved Moses from Pharaoh. So the door of thanks has also been opened for us by fasting on Mondays because it was the day on which Allaah’s Messenger, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, was born and it was the day when revelation came down upon him.

Now I ask you: these people who celebrate the [unlegislated] birthday which we know has no good in it - I know that a lot of these people fast on Mondays just as they fast on Thursdays. But do you see most of the Muslims fasting on Mondays?

No, they do not fast on Mondays, however most of the Muslims celebrate the Prophetic birthday once every year! Isn’t this a reversal of the reality? The saying of Allaah, the Most High, to the Jews is true regarding these people:

Would you exchange that which is better for that which is lower?

This is good - i.e., fasting which is agreed upon by all of the Muslims - fasting on Mondays. Yet, in spite of that, most of the Muslims do not fast it. So now we turn our attention to the ones who do fast it [and ask]:

Do they know the secret behind fasting on that day? No, they do not know.

So where are the scholars who defend the [unlegislated] celebration - why don’t they tell the people that fasting on Mondays is the legislated celebration of the birthday and encourage them upon it instead of defending the celebration that has not been prescribed?!

And Allaah, the Most High, spoke the truth:

Would you exchange that which is better for that which is lower?

And His Messenger, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, spoke the truth when he said, “Indeed you will follow the ways of those nations who came before you, span by span and cubit by cubit (i.e., inch by inch) so much so that even if they entered a hole of a lizard, you would follow them.” [Reported by Bukhaari and Muslim]

And in another narration:

“… so much so that if there was someone from them who would have intercourse with his mother in the middle of the road there would be someone from you who would do that also.” [Reported by ad-Dawlaabi and Haakim, declared hasan by al-Bazzaar and al-Albaani agreed with him, see Silsilah, no. 1348]

So we have followed the way of the Jews. We exchanged that which was good for that which was base - we exchanged the celebration of the birthday which occurs once a year and has no basis [in the religion] with that which was good, which is the celebration every Monday. And that is a legislated celebration which you perform by fasting while bearing in mind the secret behind it which is that you fast it as thanks to Allaah, the Most High, that He created the Messenger of Allaah, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, on that day and sent down revelation on it.

And I will finish my speech by mentioning his saying, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, “Allaah refuses to accept the repentance of an innovator.” [Reported by Ibn Maajah and Shaikh al-Albaani declared it to be weak but there is another hadith which he declared to be authentic with a similar meaning reported by Abush-Shaikh in Taarikh Asbahaan (p. 259), at-Tabaraani in al-Awsat (no. 4360) and others, that the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, said, “Indeed Allaah has prevented the repentance of the companion of every innovation.” See As-Silisilah, vol. 4, p. 154, no. 1620]

And Allaah, the Most High, says:

O Messenger! Proclaim (the Message) which has been sent down to you from your Lord. And if you do not, then you have not conveyed His Message. Allaah will protect you from mankind.

And it has been reported in Sahih Muslim that one of the Taabi’een came to Aaishah, radiyallaahu anhaa …

Questioner
Reading the biography of the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, is that [not] honouring him?

Shaikh Al-Albani
Yes.

Questioner
In it is reward, this is goodness from Allaah!

Shaikh Al-Albani
All goodness! But you will not benefit anything from this question. Therefore I will cut you off with a question: Does anyone prevent you from reading his biography? I will now ask you a question: if there is a legislated form of worship, but the Prophet, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, did not sanction a specific time for it and neither did he make a specific form for it then is it allowed for us to designate - from ourselves - a specific time or a specific form/method? Do you have an answer?

Questioner
No, I have no answer.

Shaikh Al-Albani
Allaah, the Most High, said:

Or have they partners with Allaah (false gods), who have instituted for them a religion which Allaah has not allowed.

And He, the Most High, also said:

They took their rabbis and their monks to be their lords besides Allaah and (they also took as their Lord) Messiah, son of Maryam (Mary), while they to worship none but One God - Allaah). None has the right to be worshipped but He. Praise and glory be to Him, (far above is He) from having the partners they associate (with Him).

When Adiyy ibn Haatim, may Allaah be pleased with him, heard this - and before he became a Muslim he was a Christian - it was difficult for him so he said, “We never used to worship them.” So he, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, said, “Would they not forbid what Allaah made permissible and so you would make it forbidden; and [would they not] make lawful what Allaah had made forbidden, so you would make it lawful?” So he said, “Of course.” He, sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, replied, “So that was your worship of them.” [Reported by Tirmidhee (3095) and the Shaikh declared it to be hasan]

And this clarifies the danger of innovating in Allaah’s Religion.

Transcribed with abridgement from one of the tapes of Shaikh Al-Albani, may Allaah have mercy on him. Silsilatul-Hudaa wal-Noor, tape no. 1/94.
Words between square brackets [] are those of the translator.

Bukhaari Volume 8, Book 76, Number 437(6065), Muslim (2533) Tirmidhee (3859) Ibn Maajah (2362).

Oleh: Badrul Tamam

Melafadzkan dua kalimat syahadat dan mengamalkan tuntutannya merupakan rukun dasar agama Islam. Namun sayang, banyak orang yang tidak memahami maknanya.

Lebih dari itu, banyak yang meyakini bahwa maksudnya cukup dengan mengucapkannya tanpa memahami dan mengamalkan.

Keutamaan dua kalimat syahadat

Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda, “Siapa yang bersaksi bahwa tiada Ilah (yang berhak diibadahi) kecuali Allah yang Esa, tiada sekutu bagi-Nya; dan bahwa Muhammad adalah hamba dan Rasul-Nya; dan bahwa Isa adalah hamba Allah, Rasul-Nya, dan kalimat-Nya yang sampaikan kepada Maryam serta ruh dari-Nya; dan bersyahadat pula bahwa surga dan neraka adalah benar adanya, maka Allah akan memasukkannya ke dalam surga, seberapapun amal yang sudah diperbuatnya.” (Muttafaq ‘Alaih)

Dan dalan Shahih Muslim dan lainnya, hadits marfu’ dari Utsman radliyallah ‘anhu,

مَنْ مَاتَ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ

“Barangsiapa yang meninggal sedangkan dia mengetahui makna La Ilaha Illallah pasti masuk surga.” (HR. Muslim)

Dari Abu Hurairah radliyallah ‘anhu, Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda:

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لَا يَلْقَى اللَّهَ بِهِمَا عَبْدٌ غَيْرَ شَاكٍّ فِيهِمَا إِلَّا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ

“Saya bersaksi bahwa tiada tuhan (yang berhak diibadahi) selain Allah dan aku adalah utusan Allah, tiada-lah seorang hamba bertemu Allah (meninggal dunia) dengan membawa keduanya tanpa ada keraguan sedikitpun pasti ia akan masuk surga.” (HR. Muslim)

Dari ‘Ubadah bin al Shamit radliyallah ‘anhu berkata: Aku mendengar Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda: “Siapa yang bersaksi bahwa tiada tuhan (yang berhak diibadahi) selain Allah dan Muhammad adalah utusan Allah, maka Allah mengharamkan neraka atasnya.” (HR. Muslim)

Hadits-hadits di atas menunjukkan bahwa Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam mencukupkan dua kalimat syahadat untuk para sahabat.

Yaitu untuk mengucapkannya, mengamalkan arahannya, lalu melaksanakan konsekuensinya berupa taat kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya, dan melaksanakan segala macam ibadah, selalu mentauhidkan Allah ‘Azza wa Jalla, dan menjauhi berbagai tradisi  syirik. Inilah makna ucapannya, Laa Ilaaha Illallaah. Sedangkan ikrarnya “Muhammad Rasulullah” mengharuskannya taat kepada Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam dan mengikutinya.

Makna di atas dipahami oleh orang yang mengerti bahasa Arab, termasuk kandungannya yaitu nafyu (peniadaan) dan itsbat (penetapan). Kalimat ini tidak cukup hanya dilisankan saja, namun harus dipahami maknanya, diamalkan tuntutannya secara dzahir dan batin. Allah Ta’ala berfirman,

“Maka ketahuilah, bahwa sesungguhnya tidak ada Tuhan (Yang Hak) melainkan Allah.” (QS. Muhammad: 19)

“Akan tetapi (orang yang dapat memberi syafaat ialah) orang yang mengakui yang hak (tauhid) dan mereka meyakini (nya).” (QS. Al Zukhruf: 86) dan ayat semisal yang menjelaskan ilmu (memahami makna) menjadi syarat kalimat syahadatain.

Karena itulah, ketika seorang musyrik mengucapkan dua kalimat syahadat secara dzahir dia dilindungi dan darahnya dijaga sehingga dia diuji dan dilihat setelah itu. Jika dia istiqamah di atas agamanya dan konsisten dengan tauhidnya serta mengamalkan ajaran Islam, maka dia sebagai muslim. Dia mendapat hak dan kewajiban sebagaimana kaum muslimin lainnya.

Jika dia menyelisihi tuntutan syahadatnya, meninggalkan sebagian syariat Islam dengan menentang dan mengingkarinya, atau menghalalkan sesuatu yang sudah sangat jelas keharamanya, maka kalimat ini tidak bisa menjaminnya.

Banyak cendekiawan dan kaum awam pada zaman sekarang, entah karena bodoh atau taklid, telah rusak akidah mereka dan tumbuh kejahilan terhadap dien dan arahan dua kalimat syahadat ini. 

Karenanya tidak heran jika mayoritas mereka tidak memahami makna dua kalimat syahadat, terang-terang melakukan hal yang membatalkannya, mencukupkan dengan membacanya berulang-ulang disertai keyakinan mendapat pahala besar, kebaikan, terjaga harta dan darah, tanpa memahami maknanya dan mengamalkan tuntutannya.

Karena itulah, sangat dibutuhkan penjelasan makna dua kalimat syahadat ini sebagai iqamatul hujjah bagi orang yang tindakannya bertentangan dengan tuntutannya dan meyakini kalimat syadahat cukup dibaca berulang-ulang lantas menjadi muslim yang sempurna tauhidnya.

Makna Kalimat Laa Ilaaha Illallaah

Para du’at dan ulama sangat memperhatikan materi kalimat tauhid, terutama tentang maknanya. Syaikh Sulaiman bin Abdillah dalam Taisir al ‘Aziz al Hamiid, hal 53 menjelaskan, “Makna Laa Ilaaha Illallaah adalah tidak ada yang diibadahi dengan benar kecuali tuhan yang satu, yaitu Allah yang Esa tidak ada sekutu bagi-Nya, sebagaimana firman Allah Ta’ala:

وَمَاً أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قًبلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لاَ إِلَهً إِلاَّ أَنَاْ فَاعْبُدُونِ

“Dan Kami tidak mengutus seorang rasul pun sebelum kamu, melainkan Kami wahyukan kepadanya: “Bahwasanya tidak ada Tuhan (yang hak) melainkan Aku, maka sembahlah olehmu sekalian akan Aku”.” (QS. Al Anbiya’: 25).

وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُواْ اللّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ الطَّاغُوتَ

“Dan sesungguhnya Kami telah mengutus rasul pada tiap-tiap umat (untuk menyerukan): ‘Sembahlah Allah (saja), dan jauhilah Thaghut itu’.” (QS. Al Nahl: 36).

Benar, bahwa makna al Ilaah adalah al ma’bud (yang diibadahi). Karena inilah, ketika Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam berbicara kepada kafir Quraisy, “Ucapkan Laa Ilaaha Illalaah!” mereka menjawab, “Mengapa ia menjadikan tuhan-tuhan itu Tuhan Yang satu saja? Sesungguhnya ini benar-benar suatu hal yang sangat mengherankan.” (QS. Shaad: 5)

Kaum Huud berkata, “Apakah kamu datang kepada kami, agar kami hanya menyembah Allah saja dan meninggalkan apa yang biasa disembah oleh bapak-bapak kami?” (QS. Al A’raaf: 70) Padahal Nabi Huud hanya mengajak mereka kepada Laa Ilaaha Illallaah.

Inilah makna Laa Ilaaha Illallaah, yaitu ibadah kepada Allah dan meninggalkan ibadah kepada selain-Nya. Itulah maksud kufur dengan taghut dan iman kepada Allah.

Kalimat agung ini mengandung makna bahwa selain Allah bukan tuhan. Pengakuan tuhan selain Allah merupakan kebatilah terbesar, dan mentapkan dia tuhan adalah kezaliman yang terburuk. Tak seorangpun berhak diibadahi selain Dia, sebagaimana tidak pantas disebut tuhan kecuali hanya Allah. Kalimat ini juga mengandung nafyu ilahiyah(meniadakan ketuhanan) selain Allah dan mentapkannya hanya untuk Allah semata, tidak ada sekutu bagi-Nya.

Karena itu, kalimat ini memerintahkan untuk menjadikan Allah sebagai satu-satunya Tuhan yang disembah dan melarang menjadikan tuhan bersama Allah. Nafyu dan itsbatinilah yang dipahami oleh orang yang diseru kepada tauhid atau kalimat Laa Ilaaha Illallaah.

Semua bentuk ibadah yang hadir kerena pengabdian hati kepada Allah dengan cinta, ketundukan, dan kepatuhan kepada-Nya semata masuk dalam kategori uluhiyah. Maka wajib mengesakan Allah dengan ibadah itu, seperti doa, rasa takut, kecintaan, tawakkal, taubat, menyembelih, bernadzar, sujud, dan macam ibadah lainnya.

Wajib memberikan semua itu kepada Allah semata, tiada sekutu bagi-Nya. Lalu siapa yang memberikan sedikit saja dari ibadah tadi kepada selain Allah maka dia telah menjadi musyrik walau ia mengucapkan Laa Ilaaha Illallaah; jika tidak mengamalkan tuntutannya, berupa tauhid dan ikhlash.

Makna Syahadat Muhammad Rasulullah

Dalam mengikrarkan kalimat syahadat harus disertai dengan mengetahui maknanya. Keduanya saling berkaitan, tidak bisa dipisahkan. Maka bagi orang yang mengucapkannya wajib mengetahui maksud kalimat itu, meyakini maknanya, dan menerapkannya dalam hidup.

Dan setelah kita memahami bahwa Laa Ilaaha Illallaah tidak cukup dilafadzkan saja, begitu juga dalam kalimat pasangannya (Muhammad Rasulullah), harus disertai dengan membenarkan risalahnya, komitmen dengan makna dan tuntutannya. Yaitu keyakinan yang menghujam dalam hati bahwa Nabi Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam diutus oleh Tuhannya ‘Azza wa Jalla, Dia telah memandatkan syari’at ini sebagaimana risalah (kerasulan), memerintahkan untuk menyampaikannya kepada umat, dan mewajibkan kepada seluruh umat untuk menerima risalahnya dan berjalan di atasnya. Hal itu bisa direalisasikan dengan memahami beberapa persoalan berikut ini:

Pertama, Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam adalah spesialis dalam risalah ini.

Allah Ta’ala berfirman,

وَرَبُّكَ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيَخْتَارُ

“Dan Tuhanmu menciptakan apa yang Dia kehendaki dan memilihnya.” (QS. Al Qashash: 68)

“Allah lebih mengetahui di mana Dia menempatkan tugas kerasulan.” (QS. Al An’aam: 124)

“Dan sesungguhnya mereka pada sisi Kami benar-benar termasuk orang-orang pilihan yang paling baik.” (QS. Shaad: 47)

Ayat-ayat serupa sangat banyak yang menunjukkan bahwa para rasul dari kalangan manusia yang telah Allah muliakan, Allah pilih dan sucikan, sehingga mereka layak untuk mengemban risalah, penjaga syariat dan agama-Nya, dan menjadi perantara antara Dia dengan Hamba-hamba-Nya. Allah telah menyebutkan kondisi sebagian kaum yang mendustakan para rasul, mereka telah berkata kepada rasul mereka, “Kamu tidak lain hanyalah manusia seperti kami juga.” (QS. Ibrahim: 10) Lalu para rasul menjawab,

إِنْ نَحْنُ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَمُنُّ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ

“Kami tidak lain hanyalah manusia seperti kamu, akan tetapi Allah memberi karunia kepada siapa yang Dia kehendaki di antara hamba-hamba-Nya.” (QS. Ibrahim: 11).

Terlebih lagi Nabi kita Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallamsebagai penutup para rasul dan seorang rasul terbaik. Allah telah mengistimewakan beliau daripada rasul sebelumnya. Beliau adalah makhluk pilihan yang diangkat menjadi rasul untuk seluruh makhluk dari kalangan jin dan manusia.

Nabi Muhammad maksum dari kesalahan

Umat sepakat bahwa para nabi semuanya maksum (terjaga) dari dosa besar, karena bisa menghilangkan sifat istimewa dan pilihan. Hal ini karena Allah akan mengembankan risalah-Nya kepada mereka agar disampaikan kepada seluruh manusia. Karena itu, mereka harus bisa menjadi teladan bagi umatnya, memberi peringatan agar menjauhi kekufuran dan dosa, kefasikan dan maksiat. Seandainya kesalahan dan kemaksiatan itu nyata maka pada mereka, maka musuh-musuh Islam punya bahan untuk mencela pribadi mereka dan merusak syari’at yang mereka bawa. Ini akan menghilangkan hikmah Allah Ta’ala.

Sesungguhnya di antara bentuk rahmat-Nya, Dia menjaga para nabi-Nya dari mengerjakan kesalahan-kesalahan ini, Allah sendiri juga melarang mereka, menjelaskan keburukan yang ditimbulkannya; sebagaimana Dia menjadikan mereka sebagai teladan dalam zuhud dan menjauhi syahwat dunia yang bisa menyibukkan dari negeri akhirat.

Namun, boleh jadi dosa-dosa kecil bisa terjadi pada mereka sebagai ijtihad, tapi tidak menjadi ketetapan, tidak merusak kredibilitasnya, dan tidak menghilangkan kenabian dari mereka. Semua itu sebagai bukti bahwa mereka manusia biasa yang tidak tahu ilmu ghaib dan tidak menyandang sedikitpun dari sifat rububiyyah.

Para mufassir dan ulama telah menyebutkan sebagian kejadian itu, seperti firman Allah Ta’ala:

وَلَا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ

“Dan janganlah kamu mengusir orang-orang yang menyeru Tuhannya di pagi hari dan di petang hari, sedang mereka menghendaki keridaan-Nya.” (QS. Al An’aam: 52).

Dan firman-Nya,

وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَفْتِنُونَكَ عَنِ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ لِتَفْتَرِيَ عَلَيْنَا غَيْرَهُ وَإِذًا لَاتَّخَذُوكَ خَلِيلًا وَلَوْلَا أَنْ ثَبَّتْنَاكَ لَقَدْ كِدْتَ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا قَلِيلًا

“Dan sesungguhnya mereka hampir memalingkan kamu dari apa yang telah Kami wahyukan kepadamu, agar kamu membuat yang lain secara bohong terhadap Kami; dan kalau sudah begitu tentulah mereka mengambil kamu jadi sahabat yang setia. Dan kalau Kami tidak memperkuat (hati) mu, niscaya kamu hampir-hampir condong sedikit kepada mereka.” (QS. Al Isra’: 73-74).

Dan kejadian semacam itu yang dilakukannya sebagai bentuk ijtihad karena menyangka ada maslahat yang besar, sedangkan Allah tahu semua itu tidak akan terwujud. Allah telah menjaga beliau shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam dari melakukan maksiat dan dosa atau membenarkannya karena menghilangkan sifat kerasulan dan sebagai manusia pilihan. Juga karena berseberangan dengan arahan beliau untuk menjauhi kekufuran, kefasikan, dan maksiat.

Dari sisi tabligh (menyampaikan) pesan Allah berupa syari’at, maka para ulama bersepakat atas kemaksuman beliau bahkan kemaksuman seluruh nabi dalam menyampaikan risalah Allah, berupa wahyu dan syariat, bahkan Allah telah menjaga beliau dari kesyirikan, zina dan semisalnya, jauh sebelum menjadi Nabi.

Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam telah bersabda, “Aku tidak pernah menginginkan sesuatu yang biasa dilakukan orang-orang jahiliyah dan aku juga tidak pernah melakukan keburukan sehingga Allah memuliakanku dengan risalah-Nya.” (Disebutkan oleh al Qadli ‘Iyadh dalam kitabnya al Syifa dan lainnya).

Ibnu Ishaq berkata dalam sirahnya, “ketika Rasullullah telah beranjak dewasa, Allah menjaganya, melindunginya dari kotoran dan keburukan jahiliyah. Ketika ingin memuliakannya dan menjadikannya sebagai rasul –di kala itu berada di atas agama kaumnya- sehingga beliau menjadi seorang pemuda yang paling mulia perilaku dan akhlaknya, paling bagus pergaulannya, paling baik kepada tetangganya, paling gagah posturnya, paling amanat dan paling jauh dari sifat dan akhlak tercela yang bisa mengurangi kemuliaan dan kesuciannya, sampai-sampai mendapat julukan dari kaumnya sebagai Al Amiin (sangat terpercaya).”

(PurWD/voa-islam.com)

Catatan:

Di bawah adalah dua tulisan terpisah dari dua penulis yang dimuat di dua media berbeda. Menarik untuk mencermati kedua tulisan secara bersamaan dalam melihat khayalan feminis yang kerap kita jumpai di sekitar kita dan digalang oleh pemerintah [tulisan pertama], serta sisi lain bagaimana Islam menjaga setiap Muslimah melalui selembar kain [tulisan kedua].

Selamat membaca.

~az~

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